环境因子对鱼饵中磷释放影响的实验研究

通过室内模拟实验,分析了环境因子(上覆水、微生物活动、温度、pH、水动力条件)对鱼饵磷释放特征的影响及原因。结果表明:鱼饵在去离子水中总磷和正磷酸盐的平衡释放量约是潘家口水库水中的1.58倍和1.76倍;微生物作用有利于鱼饵中磷向水体释放,前者总磷和正磷酸盐的释放量约为后者的1.55倍和1.28倍;温度升高和水体扰动促进了鱼饵中磷的释放;酸性和碱性条件下鱼饵中磷的释放量高于中性条件下鱼饵中磷的释放量。各环境因子作用下,鱼饵中磷在前3h内的释放速率最大。     

一种小功率变频控制驱动装置的硬件设计

由于变频装置在节能技术中所起的重要作用,本文以美国TI公司的电机控制专用数字信号处理器（DSP）芯片TMS320LF2407为核心,开发了一种小功率的变频控制驱动装置。对该装置的总体方案进行了设计,对主电路和控制电路进行了研究分析,硬件设计中详细介绍了摔制电路的DSP小系统电路、电流检测模块、电机转速和位置检测模块、脉宽调制（PWM）波彤输出和故障输入电路等。实验结论表明：采用高速专用微处理器TMS320LF2407,该装置结构简单,软件编制容易、控制精度和可靠性高。     

信息实时采集与网络发布技术在转炉上的应用

简要介绍了当今信息领域新兴的实时采集与网络发布技术,并以安阳钢铁集团公司第二炼钢厂的现有控制系统为例,综合考虑企业现有计算机自动化信息技术与未来的经济效益,详细描述了信息采集与网络发布技术在该厂转炉仪表系统改造中的应用。     

Vision-guidance of agricultural vehicles

A vision guidance system has been designed, built and commissioned which steers a tractor relative to the rows of a crop such as cotton. It was required to be insensitive to additional visual noise from weeds, while tolerating the fading out of one or more rows in a barren patch of the field. The system integrates data from several crop rows, testing for image quality. At the same time, the data processing requirements have been limited by the use of frame-sequential strategies to reduce the image space which must be processed. The design has been developed to the stage where six evaluation prototypes have been installed to test farmer-acceptance. The present prototypes employ a 486 PC motherboard embedded in a custom housing, together with a 68HC11 microcomputer to which the task of closing the steering servo loop is delegated. The system shows great promise for cost effective commercial exploitation.Experimental results are reported and further sensing systems are outlined for performing related guidance tasks when vision is inappropriate.     

Redox and pH Dual Responsive Polymer Based Nanoparticles for In Vivo Drug Delivery

Responsive nanomaterials have emerged as promising candidates as drug delivery vehicles in order to address biomedical diseases such as cancer. In this work, polymer‐based responsive nanoparticles prepared by a supramolecular approach are loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) for the cancer therapy. The nanoparticles contain disulfide bonds within the polymer network, allowing the release of the DOX payload in a reducing environment within the endoplasm of cancer cells. In addition, the loaded drug can also be released under acidic environment. In vitro anticancer studies using redox and pH dual responsive nanoparticles show excellent performance in inducing cell death and apoptosis. Zebrafish larvae treated with DOX‐loaded nanoparticles exhibit an improved viability as compared with the cases treated with free DOX by the end of a 3 d treatment. Confocal imaging is utilized to provide the daily assessment of tumor size on zebrafish larva models treated with DOX‐loaded nanoparticles, presenting sustainable reduction of tumor. This work demonstrates the development of functional nanoparticles with dual responsive properties for both in vitro and in vivo drug delivery in the cancer therapy.     

A pH-switched mesoporous nanoreactor for synergetic therapy

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs),as a new type of pH-sensitive drug carrier,have received much attention.ZnO NPs are stable at physiological pH,but can dissolve quickly in the acidic tumor environment (pH ＜ 6) to generate cytotoxic zinc ions and reactive oxygen species (ROS).However,the protein corona usually causes the non-specific degradation of ZnO NPs,which has limited their application considerably.Herein,a new type of pH-sensitive nanoreactor (ZnO-DOX@F-mSiO2-FA),aimed at reducing the non-specific degradation of ZnO NPs,is presented.In the acidic tumor environment (pH ＜ 6),it can release cytotoxic zinc ions,ROS,and anticancer drugs to kill cancer cells effectively.In addition,the fluorescence emitted from fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled mesoporous silica (F-mSiO2) and doxorubicin (DOX) can be used to monitor the release behavior of the anticancer drug.This report provides a new method to avoid the non-specific degradation of ZnO NPs,resulting in synergetic therapy by taking advantage of ZnO NPs-induced oxidative stress and targeted drug release.     

Workload control in job shops with re-entrant flows: an assessment by simulation

One of the key functions of Workload Control is order release. Jobs are not released immediately onto the shop floor – they are withheld and selectively released to create a mix of jobs that keeps work-in-process within limits and meet due dates. A recent implementation of Workload Control’s release method highlighted an important issue thus far overlooked by research: How to accommodate re-entrant flows, whereby a station is visited multiple times by the same job? We present the first study to compare the performance of Workload Control both with and without re-entrant flows. Simulation results from a job shop model highlight two important aspects: (i) re-entrant flows increase variability in the work arriving at a station, leading to a direct detrimental effect on performance; (ii) re-entrant flows affect the release decision-making process since the load contribution of all visits by a job to a station has to fit within the norm. Both aspects have implications for practice and our interpretation of previous research since: (i) parameters given for work arriving may significantly differ from those realised; (ii) increased workload contributions at release mean that prior simulations may have been unstable, leading to some jobs never being released.     

Modulation of the wettability of excipients by surfactant and its impacts on the disintegration and release of tablets

Objective: To investigate the modulation of the wettability of excipients by different types of surfactants and its impacts on the disintegration of tablets and drug release.

Materials and methods: The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of surfactants, including sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB), cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and polysorbate (Tween-20 and Tween-80), was obtained using the platinum ring method. Contact angles of surfactant solutions on the excipient compacts and double-distilled water on the mixture of surfactant and the other excipient (magnesium stearate (MgSt) or sodium alginate (SA)) were measured by the sessile drop technique. Besides, surface free energy of excipients was calculated by the Owens method. Finally, the disintegration of tablets and in vitro dissolution testing were performed according to the method described in USP.

Results and discussion: The wettability of excipients could be enhanced to different extent with low concentration of surfactant solutions and maintained stable basically after CMC. For MgSt (hydrophobic excipient), the shorter the hydrophobic chain (C₁₂, including SDS and DTAB), the better the wettability with the addition of surfactant in the formulation, leading to the shorter disintegration time of tablets and higher drug release rate. In contrast, the wettability of SA (hydrophilic excipient) was reduced by adding surfactant, resulting in the longer disintegration time of tablets and lower release rate.

Conclusion: The modulation of the wetting of pharmaceutical excipients by surfactant had changed the disintegration time of tablets and drug release rate to a greater extent.     

High throughput research and evaporation rate modeling for solvent screening for ethylcellulose barrier membranes in pharmaceutical applications

Context: Ethylcellulose is commonly dissolved in a solvent or formed into an aqueous dispersion and sprayed onto various dosage forms to form a barrier membrane to provide controlled release in pharmaceutical formulations. Due to the variety of solvents utilized in the pharmaceutical industry and the importance solvent can play on film formation and film strength it is critical to understand how solvent can influence these parameters.

Objective: To systematically study a variety of solvent blends and how these solvent blends influence ethylcellulose film formation, physical and mechanical film properties and solution properties such as clarity and viscosity.

Materials and methods: Using high throughput capabilities and evaporation rate modeling, thirty-one different solvent blends composed of ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, methanol, and/or water were formulated, analyzed for viscosity and clarity, and narrowed down to four solvent blends. Brookfield viscosity, film casting, mechanical film testing and water permeation were also completed.

Results and discussion: High throughput analysis identified isopropanol/water, ethanol, ethanol/water and methanol/acetone/water as solvent blends with unique clarity and viscosity values. Evaporation rate modeling further rank ordered these candidates from excellent to poor interaction with ethylcellulose. Isopropanol/water was identified as the most suitable solvent blend for ethylcellulose due to azeotrope formation during evaporation, which resulted in a solvent-rich phase allowing the ethylcellulose polymer chains to remain maximally extended during film formation. Consequently, the highest clarity and most ductile films were formed.

Conclusion: Employing high throughput capabilities paired with evaporation rate modeling allowed strong predictions between solvent interaction with ethylcellulose and mechanical film properties.     

Fabrication of novel GMO/Eudragit E100 nanostructures for enhancing oral bioavailability of carvedilol

In the present work, novel nanostructures comprising of glyceryl monooleate (GMO) and Eudragit E100 were prepared using high intensity ultrasonic homogenization. 3² Factorial design approach was used for optimization of nanostructures. Results of regression analysis revealed that the amount of GMO and Eudragit E100 had a drastic effect on particle size and percent entrapment efficiency. Optimized carvedilol-loaded nanostructures (Car-NS) were characterized by FTIR, TEM, DSC, in vitro drug release study. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as C_max, T_max, Ke, Ka, V_d and AUC were estimated for Car-NS upon its oral administration in Sprague-Dawley rats. Particle size of Car-NS was found to be 183?±?2.43?nm with an entrapment efficiency of 81.4?±?0.512%. FTIR studies revealed loading and chemical compatibility of carvedilol with the components of nanostructures. DSC thermograms did not show endothermic peak for melting of carvedilol which could be attributed to solubilization of carvedilol in molten GMO during DSC run. The prepared Car-NS released carvedilol in sustained manner over a period of 10 h as suggested by in vitro drug release study. The pharmacokinetic study of Car-NS showed significant improvement in C_max (two fold, p?p?相似文献